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Shopping 1 |
John and Naeema |
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introduction >
Notes:
Draw attention to the features of interactional and transactional language used by the speakers. See end of document for further information.
Successful conversations rely on participants' knowledge of when it's time to talk and when it's time to keep quiet and listen; and good conversationalists manage their turn taking with minimal gaps and minimal overlaps. Often, however, even with expert speakers, turn taking runs into difficulties. The conversation below contains examples of such difficulties. Listening to the recording and reading the transcript, try to identify the problems in turns 1-4, 17&18, 26&27,33&34, (see Word document for line references) and see how these problems are repaired.
Throughout the sample conversation sounds such as 'uhm', 'er', and 'erm' are used, both at the beginning and in the midst of turns. What is their function and how do they contribute to smooth turn taking?
For discussion
How can a knowledge of the mechanics of turn taking be put to use in everyday conversation?
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